Trees and Binary Search Trees are hierarchical data structures fundamental to computer science, storing data in parent-child relationships rather than linear sequences. While a binary tree simply restricts each node to at most two children, a Binary Search Tree (BST) imposes an ordering constraint — left children hold smaller values, right children hold larger values — enabling logarithmic-time operations when balanced. Understanding traversal patterns, balancing mechanisms, and structural properties is essential for efficient searching, sorting, and hierarchical data manipulation across countless algorithms and applications.