GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) is a free and open-source raster graphics editor used for photo retouching, image editing, and digital painting, serving as a powerful alternative to proprietary software. Originally released in 1996, GIMP has evolved into a professional-grade tool supporting advanced features like layer management, non-destructive editing, and extensive plugin architecture. Understanding GIMP's tool paradigm is essential: unlike simpler editors, GIMP separates transformation from selection, treats channels as first-class objects, and builds complex effects through layer composition—mastering this mental model unlocks the full power of its seemingly overwhelming interface.
What This Cheat Sheet Covers
This topic spans 23 focused tables and 217 indexed concepts. Below is a complete table-by-table outline of this topic, spanning foundational concepts through advanced details.
Table 1: Layer Management Fundamentals
| Operation | Example | Description |
|---|---|---|
Layer → New Layer | • Creates a new transparent or filled layer • background layers lack alpha channels until explicitly added | |
Shift+Ctrl+D | • Copies current layer including all properties • preserves non-destructive filters in GIMP 3.0+ | |
Ctrl+M | • Combines active layer with the one below • destructive operation that flattens effects permanently | |
Image → Flatten Image | • Merges all layers into single background layer • removes transparency and all layer structure | |
Opacity slider: 0-100% | • Controls layer transparency • 100% is fully opaque, 0% is invisible but preserves layer data |